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Foremost, the diagnostic workup of all patients presenting with exercise-related syncope is aimed at '''excluding dangerous [[Cardiac syncope|cardiac conditions]]''' and includes echocardiography and exercise testing <cite>Krediet04b</cite>. Risk factors for a cardial problem are fainting while sitting or supine and suddenly fainting ''during'' exercise without presyncope. | Foremost, the diagnostic workup of all patients presenting with exercise-related syncope is aimed at '''excluding dangerous [[Cardiac syncope|cardiac conditions]]''' and includes echocardiography and exercise testing <cite>Krediet04b</cite>. Risk factors for a cardial problem are fainting while sitting or supine and suddenly fainting ''during'' exercise without presyncope. | ||
<br> | <br> | ||
Characteristically, syncope may occur while the individual is '''standing motionless''' during the first five to ten minutes after exercise <cite>Bjurstedt</cite>. Especially athletes in the (ultra) endurance sports are at risk for post exercise vasovagal syncope e.g. after marathon swimming | Characteristically, syncope may occur while the individual is '''standing motionless''' during the first five to ten minutes after exercise <cite>Bjurstedt</cite>. Especially athletes in the (ultra) endurance sports are at risk for post exercise vasovagal syncope e.g. after marathon swimming <cite>Finlay</cite> or marathon running <cite>Tsutsumi</cite>;<cite>Holtzhausen95</cite><cite>Holtzhausen97</cite>. | ||
Vasovagal syncope after routine treadmill testing is rare (estimated 0,2% | Vasovagal syncope after routine treadmill testing is rare (estimated 0,2% <cite>Schlesinger</cite>). However, when treadmill testing is immediately followed by passive head-up tilt testing, this percentage can increase up to 50-70% <cite>Bjurstedt</cite>. | ||
Vasovagal syncope after exercise is considered to be a benign occurrence | Vasovagal syncope after exercise is considered to be a benign occurrence <cite>Krediet04b</cite>. | ||
===Muscle pump=== | ===Muscle pump=== | ||
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#Krediet04b pmid=15480927 | #Krediet04b pmid=15480927 | ||
#Bjurstedt pmid=6650203 | #Bjurstedt pmid=6650203 | ||
#Finlay pmid=8531620 | |||
#Tsutsumi pmid=52682 | |||
#Holtzhausen95 pmid=8614313 | |||
#Holtzhausen97 pmid=9397327 | |||
#Schlesinger pmid=4800477 | |||
# | |||
</biblio> | </biblio> | ||